云斑天牛产卵刻槽在杨树树干上的分布规律

通过标准地及样树调查，查明云斑天牛产卵刻槽在杨树树干上的垂直分布规律．其垂直分布位置随树龄增大而逐年上移．在2～5a生幼树上，主要分布在离地1m以下．树皮厚度是影响产卵刻相垂直分布变化及产生空槽的主要因子．     

Public perceptions of natural disturbance in Canada’s national parks: The case of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)

Since the 1990s, the mountain pine beetle (MPB) population has exploded in western Canada. In national parks, MPB has the potential to impact visual quality and safety of visitors, and to spread beyond park boundaries to the industrial forest landbase. Control measures have been initiated in some parks to lessen these impacts. A study was undertaken to examine public attitudes, knowledge, issue salience, and management preferences for MPB in Banff and Kootenay national parks. Data were collected by mail survey in 2003 from 1385 residents living in or near the parks. MPB was an important issue for the majority of respondents and they had low knowledge of MPB, expressed negative attitudes towards it, and supported measures to control it. Preferred control measures included those directed at the current infestation. Proactive approaches in uninfested forests were generally not supported. Issue salience and knowledge were the best predictors of attitudes toward the MPB. Attitudes were the best predictors of support for no intervention in beetle infestations in national parks. Management implications include the lack of knowledge and support for natural disturbance and ecological integrity policies in national parks.     

全天冷藏对家蚕雌蛾产卵及次代经济性状的影响

本试验以家蚕品种"湘·7、芙·9"为试验材料,通过对"湘·7"原种雌蛾冷藏后产卵成绩及其次代蚕的性状表现情况调查,结果表明,雌蛾在6℃温度条件下24h内冷藏完全可行,且对次代蚕的性状表现无明显的负面影响.     

Comparative morphology of the digestive system of 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents in relation to diet and evolution

Trends in digestive system-morphology have been examined in 19 species of Southern African myomorph rodents. Structure was related to function, diet, and evolution. Characters related to an ancestral proteinaceous diet, and specialized characters associated with herbivory, were recognized. All stomachs were of the unilocular hemiglandular type with increasing degrees of cornification of the corpus, although the stomach of Saccostomus compestris approached the bilocular discoglandular condition. Those of Thallomys paedulcus and Mystromys albicaudatus were highly modified in containing numerous papillae in the corpus, possibly associated with gastric fermentation. The most complex caeca, of the herbivorous Otomyids, possessed numerous haustra and internal papillae probably associated with caecal microbial fermentation.     

非寄主植物提取物对橘小实蝇的产卵拒避作用

选取4种非寄主植物柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、白千层Melaleuca leucadendron、夹竹桃Nerium indicum,初步研究了这4种植物叶子提取物对橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis的产卵拒避作用。以无水乙醇作溶剂,供试4种植物中的白千层提取物对橘小实蝇具有较强的产卵拒避作用。检测了橘小实蝇对4种植物的乙醇提取物的触角电位值,发现各生物测定值与雌虫触角电位值呈显著相关性,表明其中的挥发性组分是橘小实蝇对植物提取物产生拒避反应的重要原因之一。用无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚、二氯甲烷作溶剂,分别提取白千层叶,仅乙醇提取物有显著拒避作用;用这4种溶剂分别提取樟树叶,则无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚作溶剂的提取物都有较好效果。     

球孢白僵菌对橘小实蝇实验种群的影响

研究了球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)B6菌株对橘小实蝇成虫(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)的影响。结果表明,在杨桃、番石榴与香蕉3种水果上喷施球孢白僵菌孢子悬浮液,橘小实蝇雌成虫平均产卵量分别为(188.3±11.4)粒、(156.7±13.1)粒、(165.3±9.1)粒,与对照差异不显著;孵化的老熟幼虫数量分别(156.3±11.5)头、(130.3±8.3)头、(147.7±10.6)头,与对照差异也不显著;成虫存活率分别为51.1%、52.2%、62.3%,与对照差异极显著。干扰作用控制指数IIPC为0.554 2、0.573 0、0.667 7,对橘小实蝇成虫控制效果明显。     

棉铃虫和烟夜蛾生殖行为比较研究

在(27±1)℃,光周期14L:10D的条件下对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)的生殖行为进行了比较研究.结果表明:(1)2种夜蛾雌蛾或雄蛾的交配能力之间均无显著差异;3日龄蛾的交配率较高,6日龄前棉铃虫的交配率均显著高于烟夜蛾;不同蛾龄下烟夜蛾的交配...     

半闭弯尾姬蜂羽化、交配及产卵行为观察

在22℃,相对度60%～70%的实验室条件下,研究了半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum的羽化、交配与产卵行为。结果表明:半闭弯尾姬蜂蜂蛹从开始羽化到羽化结束历经4d,羽化高峰期出现在羽化的第3d,羽化数量为25头,占全部羽化数量的58.82%;第3d中羽化高峰出现在8:00～13:00,羽化数量为16.5头,占全天羽化数量的66.00%。半闭弯尾姬蜂交配过程大致分为3个阶段:准备阶段、交配阶段、结束阶段;交配后开始产卵,产卵过程大致分为寄主寻找和确定、穿刺和产卵、产卵结束和梳理。     

松果梢斑螟成虫的寄主选择

在松果梢斑螟成虫产卵期,采用顶空吸附法和CC-:MS分析,研究虫害后油松球果萜类挥发物成分的变化.油松虫害球果(枝)单萜挥发物的释放呈现昼夜节律,并且特异性挥发组分为1R-(+)-α-蒎烯、β-香叶烯和D-柠檬烯.梢斑螟成虫为夜出性害虫,因此产卵期晚上的球果(枝)挥发物更有意义.油松和华山松球果的触角电位(EAG)测试表明:虫害球果与健康球果相比,梢斑螟(雌雄蛾)对油松虫害球果的EAG反应更明显;而对华山松虫害球果和健康球果的EAG反应差异不明显.Y-型嗅觉仪的趋向试验表明:雌成虫的寄主选择性明显高于雄虫,油松球果提取液的引诱作用高于华山松球果,而当年生针叶提取液、虫害球果及其提取液挥发物对雌成虫的引诱作用均高于健康球果;挥发物标准品测试显示,1R-(+)-β-蒎烯、β-香叶烯和D-柠檬烯组合具有明显的引诱作用.虫害油松球果及其提取液可显著刺激雌成虫产卵,表明油松虫害球果提取液组分中存在着雌成虫的产卵刺激物;华山松球果提取液的存在明显抑制了雌虫在油松虫害球果提取液滤纸上的产卵,表明华山松球果提取液中可能有产卵拒避剂.